Cataract phacoemulsification is a modern, minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat cataracts, a condition where the eye's natural lens becomes clouded, leading to blurred vision. During the procedure, a small incision is made in the cornea, and a phacoemulsification probe, which uses ultrasound waves, is inserted to break up the cloudy lens into tiny fragments. These fragments are then gently suctioned out of the eye. Once the cloudy lens is removed, an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted to restore clear vision. Phacoemulsification is preferred over traditional cataract surgery because it requires a smaller incision, leading to faster recovery, fewer complications, and less need for stitches. Cataracts typically develop due to aging, but other causes can include diabetes, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, smoking, or long-term use of corticosteroids.
While cataract phacoemulsification is generally safe and highly effective, potential complications can occur. These may include infection, bleeding, inflammation, swelling, and increased intraocular pressure. In some cases, patients may experience posterior capsule opacification (PCO), where the lens capsule becomes cloudy after surgery, affecting vision, which can usually be treated with a quick laser procedure. Other rare but serious complications include retinal detachment or dislocation of the intraocular lens. Most patients experience significant improvement in vision following the procedure, but it is essential to follow post-operative care instructions and attend follow-up appointments to monitor healing and address any concerns promptly.
